We are now just getting set to leave Potosi for Sucre, a three house bus ride away. The day yesterday in Potosi was really eye opening – all of the guide books had prepared us for the mining tours, saying that they were not for the faint of heart and that the conditions would be really shocking for western eyes. The guides were not lying. It was really something andI will definitely be thinking about what I saw for a long time.
Our tour left the hostel around 9:30 and our first stop was a weird little place in the back of a butcher shop where we got pants and jackets to protect our clothes and big rubber boots as well as construction helmets. We then drove to a place called the miners market and it was here that we bought gifts for the miners that we’d see working. Its sort of a respect thing and despite that the gifts aren’t really things that I would normally give, they make the miners lives more bearable and for that reason I don’t object because these men really don’t choose that life. They have very limited options.
So we purchased little packets with bags of coca leaves, cigarettes, dynamite and crackers, also 96% alcohol which is what the miners drink. We also tried coca leaves. The miners are contractors that work for themselves so they have to buy all their own supplies, including dynamite which is essential. As a result they are very thrify with it and use just portions of each stick for every blast.
So once we stocked up on gifts we headed to the mines. Our van took a bump ride up “Cerro Rico” (rich hill). The mines were founded in 1545 and right now there are over 5000 separate mines with 15,000 workers. Some are larger and more industrialize but many, like the one we visited, are “collectivos” of about 100 workers, mostly from a few families. The mine areas are sort of handed down through the generations the same way farmers work the same land and pass it down from father to son.
When we arrived at the mine we were given lights for our helmets – the guy that tied the battery belt around our waists asked all the girls “baby? yes?” I think that was his little tourist joke. Once were were all suited up we headed underground.
The darkness and narrow passages immediately made me feel a little uncomfortable. Not enough to really be concerned but it was definitely not an environmennt I could last a long time in. The first miners were met were a father and son, along with another young guy. They filled up wheelbarrows at lightning speed and the father who had to be at least 40 was running out with the full wheelbarrows to load the truck. Each wheelbarrow weighed around 80 kg and they did not stop for a break. Some of the guys in our group tried to lift the wheelbarrow and roll it out – only Toby made it all the way out and he was wiped out. The reality of how taxing the work was really hit home and it was clear that the coca leaves they chewed were actually pretty essential to their work. As unhealthy as it is, the coca allows them to do the hard labour and given that they start in the mines as young as 12 they need to have stamina. The two younger men were only 20 and 25 and had years of experience.
Next we went to this location in the mine where there are statues of Tio Jorge (Uncle George – aka the Devil) and Pachamama (the indigenous Mother Earth). The statues dated back to when the mine first opened in the late 16th century and had been featured in National Geographic. Each Friday the miners go down and have toasts to Pachamama and Tio Jorge by dropping some of their 96% alcohol on the ground for Pachamama and dripping some on the Devils arms and legs (to keep strong and fit) and on the statue’s huge penis (for good luck and good production – both in the mines and in the family).
We saw another miner chiselling a hole to lay dynamite – he was just using a hammer and chisel. Our guide said it would take him about three hours of chiselling to get a good hole for a piece of dynamite. He was already sweating hard and the hole was just about 1/2″ deep. We then met another miner who was just about to set off his dynamite – he was working his sector alone because the member of his family that had been working with him had died. He was only 17 but had been working in the mines for 4 years. Our guide said he’d be alone for the next 6 months or so.
He set off his blast using some dynamite we bought so we all had to go into this little cavern to keep safe and turn out our head lamps. Being in the complete darkness underground was kind of scary but the explosion really surprised me. It wasn’t really loud but it shook everything and reverberated through my body. Really crazy. At that point we had to leave the mine but to get out we had to climb down these rocks, across a narrow log and then lower ourselves down this rock face on a pretty sketchy looking rope. I was completely terrified but it wasn’t like there was a second choice so I just did it. When I got onto solid ground I was totally shaking and just ready to cry with relief but I held it together. Then it was just a narrow passage to get out of the mine.
It was then that these two little kids accosted us to get us to buy rocks. David gave the little boy 20Bs for his rock so we had to give the little girl something too – even though they just pick the rocks off the side of the hill. Their smiling face were grateful and really 5 Bs is like 75 cents so its not like we’re parting with a lot. It makes a huge difference to them and it barely even registers for me… so in that way I’m fine with it.
Its a huge moral dilemma, the tourist thing. One could argue that without tourists the families would make more effort to let those rock selling kids go to school. But if the families can’t pay for school anyway and this gives them some extra income, is it really bad? Others say that maybe without the tourism there’d be more reason for a large company to standardize labour practices, but then the collectivos would be gone and many of the men would lose their jobs to machines – like the traditional vs factory farm. These mining areas, like farmland, are these mens birthright so to change their labour practices just because it offends our western sensibilities isn’t all that fair. I’m definitely glad I went and I think it will be on my mind for quite awhile.
When we arrived back in Potosi most of us were ravenous so we did a quick clean up as we were filthy from the mines (gloves would have been a particularly good piece of protective gear) and then we headed for a late lunch. This was lesson 1 in Bolivian restaurant service – we had been warned it would be slow but until we experienced it I don’t think any of us thought we’d wait over 1.5h for lunch. Our order were super simple and there were 3 people working for only 9 customers. I guess that can be filed under “idiosyncracies”.
























